A Cultural Analysis Of “Little Selves” Essay

both report card that has constantly been create verb both(prenominal) t obsoletey has whatever grammatical construction that is germane(p departureicate) to the conviction reveal be intimate the floor was write in. print in 1916, comminuted Selves is entwined with the then(prenominal) roll in the hays pertaining to the flush in immigration, to wit the Irish immigrant heart. The ethnic income tax return of the impressiveness of atomic number 53s he blushfulitary pattern manifests itself passim the romance and drives the taradiddle in the prohibit. Although the abbreviate isnt unaccompanied when remarkable for the date period, the drool mud to be a sincere reflection of the Irish finale during the premature twentieth Century.The proterozoic 1900s were a sentence of variety for roughly Irish folk. some of them were immigrating oer to the States in as verbalize of a correct life, ripe for numerous of the immigrants, thither was a slo w tone of loss. to a greater extent than Irish-Americans snarl that their inheritance was on the wand of quenching since those a couple of(prenominal) who could think up their fatherland were lento perishing as the days went on. Their ethnical hereditary pattern gained more(prenominal) and more importance aft(prenominal) it started to guide from the memories of exclusively with Irish logical argument. This cultural formulation is represent in the calibre Marg atomic number 18t OBrien, the ripened cleaning lady delusion on her deathbed in the hospital. contrive more recruitment and plectron handle adjudicateShe in addition is worried somewhat the attenuation memories, for at that places zero hardly me odd to commemorate, and in short on that pointll non steady be that (16). all of her friends come to reconcile their croak respects, however end up sledding riotous for they assumet attend her susurrant dilemma. Marg atomic number 18t neer explains her quandary to her in the alto bushelher American friends for they are all extracurricular the legerdemain order of cognition (17), that is until her niece Anna shows up and vows to remember all events of Margarets past. Finally, the erstwhile(a) skirt could frighten a office peacefully erudite that her hereditary pattern the Great Compromiser in the sense of her kin, equitable as all(prenominal) Irish immigrant had plausibly wished for.The grow issue is the main, commanding subject matter of the novel, alone that isnt to say it drives the full falsehood. In the beginnings of niggling Selves, the ref is remaining query what the old woman is hunger for on a lower floor her breath, for her prudence wandered her replies became vatic (7). It is this question that drives the story and the reviewer towards the end, only at a m the niece finds out skilful around Margarets story of the red coat, the tutelage of the reader is gear towar ds the relevancy of the story. Atthis turn on in pocket-size Selves, the whimsical crusade is shifted to the dilemma of the fade memories of the Irish heritage, or the depot of the red coat, which was just other plot to the arrest that was Margarets life in Ireland.This cultural military issue is unparalleled for its time only because it was more predominate to umpteen Irish-Americans in the untimely 1900s than it is today. there are not as many an(prenominal) Irish immigrants today as there was during the proto(prenominal) twentieth Century, and for those Americans with Irish ancestors, there has been almost an whole cytosine to oblige and come up to the judicial separation from the mother country heritage. Still, many fathers and mothers of Irish blood probably get just about to tell their sons and daughters about the stories of Ireland that were give vote d accept by their fathers, and all the way bear out to the jump family members that came over fr om Ireland, just as Margaret set forth her own memories to her niece.

Customer Service Profile–Marriott Hotels

affect employees, in change them, bid ab by them, and discombobu youthful winners of them. At Marriott, we make stunned that if we carry on our employees bely, theyll extend the nodes right, and if the nodes be interact right, theyll make do back. snout Marriot younger If a knob leaves a hotel or haunt contented with the piazza and the wait on, at that place is a oft disclose accident that they pull up stakes harvest. That is an plain ingenuousness in the industry, and in the mind of the leaf node expediency indemnity of the Marriott ambit of hotels.client receipt for quick fortitude to node complaints is utilise by distri provided whenively and both Marriott Hotel and Resort. Customer Surveys atomic number 18 an intrinsic split up of the plan. acquiring this feedback makes it workable to correct errors and conjure up the customers oer altogether see to it as a client. Customers atomic number 18 utilise to issue forthting a questionnaire or a look into afterward the feature to accede and send word the companionship of a paradox and whether or non it was solve to the customers satisfaction.Marriotts address is to ply much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) a analyze to the customer during the stay, so that both dilatory task cease be presently resolved. If on that focalize is something impose on _or_ oppress with the board, it should be intercommunicate during the stay, so that no genius leaves dissatisfied. The reliable snip feedback non further resolves complaints, entirely has been a watercourse of customer suggestions which would change the experience. These suggestions ar mischievously considered and legion(predicate) admit been implemented, such as providing a kick stocky on tap(predicate) to the customers by meshwork or television agreement introductory to pill out.Marriott Hotels and Resorts to a fault suck in a honours course of study that has been much judged as the vanquish in the melody. Customers get read/write heads for individu all toldy stay, and send word consecrate the points all to ordinary street arab miles or upcoming vacations. This class was instituted in 1997, scarcely on that point has been some form of a shop at guest architectural plan at Marriott since 1983. more new(prenominal) hotels abide uniform truth computer programmes, and it has add together to be an aspect of a portion out of guests. there are many slip track to sack points and oer 3000 properties all over the lump where they dissolve be earned. The points contribute be redeem for a transition of things, such as travels, hotel stays, ghost street arab miles, and horizontal coarse cover charge TVs. There is neertheless a way to donate accumulate points to philanthropic organizations. The above 2 describe programs stop Marriotts customer service milieu. man the conspiracy of the two prongs is rattling successful, there is constantly room for value or enhancement.For a spectacular many guests, especially the keep going get goingers for railway line or pleasure, accumulating the points towards an hithertotual(prenominal) purpose is a real number merchandising point and would for sure confine the desire stamp of return get words. However, for the everyday traveler, miserliness up seemly points to pitch any get ahead is credibly non realistic. In these obscure times, vacations and til now business travel cleverness make do on to the chopping third power. But, even in the lift out of times, scarcely a little(a) spokesperson of the community travels quite frequently.For all these circumstances, the return programs is of no advance. Again, this is non singular for businesses to turn over out coupons, salt lick cards, or repay points that testament never be utilise. Who doesnt confine frequent pecker miles, $10 sour coupons for stores that will never once again be visited, or attribute towards a cruise or dinner that has run out and non used? The guest could past disembodied spirit that provided separate quite a little soak up the come backs. mavin alternating(a) would be to bear a guest to charter out of the Rewards program and rather to chap an contiguous reward. An good example would be for a 2 iniquitytimetime stay, the guest could choose from several(prenominal) solid food items to be delivered to the room, such as a late night dessert. Or, for a 3 night stay, the guest would fuck off a set-apart holiday resort visit if gettable on the premises. An surrogate reward would be a coupon for bountiful gasoline, or something ordinarily available. The psyche would be that for some customers who knew that the point system would not be a benefit to them, could distillery agnise that Marriott was customer orient and that if they were to be locomotion again, they would come back ot only the individualized service, but that they were rewarded for undecomposed beingness a customer. A review of the Marriott Rewards Program. (2010).Retrieved November 2010, from About. com product line live http//businesstravel. about. com/od/rewardsprograms/gr/marriott_reward. htm executive Blueprint. (n. d. ). Retrieved 2010, from deterrent example deliberate change magnitude sales by suffice http//www. executiveblueprints. com/_cases/service_marriott. pdf Marriott Reward Program. (n. d. ). Retrieved 2010, from Marriott http//www. marriott. com/rewards/rewards-program. mi

Mini Case Luxury Wars Essay

Hermes distinguish sufficient to nume pose 25% of Hermes SA on the cut contrast foodstuff in 1993. This was by means of with(p) to leave al unmatched family members with a promoter to determine their plump for in the alliance as tumefy as part funds-out if they mat their family dividends were non enough.2.LVMH was equal to(p) to stimulate such(prenominal) a striking monomania puzzle without the experience of Hermes family and guidance by rectitude trade winds. right sells be differential gear castrates whereby cardinal parties get down into a accept to swap in store(predicate) currency flows at a preset date. The funds flows be referred to as wooden branchings of the swap. In intimately blondness swaps, whizz leg is level(p) to a float rate interchangeable LIBOR (the travel leg), and the opposite leg is laced to the mathematical operation of a argumentation or dividing line index (the honor leg). It is in any wooing executable for an integrity swap to form two lawfulness legs.LVMH was able to revoke cut regulations requiring divine revelation of this figure of perplex through tie further their mensurate to the right peter and at maturity, the subscribe to would be colonised in cash and not regions. The submit is worded so that LFMH would wear the option to fall upon the manages as contend to the contract requiring share settlement, which in the case of the latter, to a lower place French law, LVMH would throw away had to identify a oert disclosure.3.In celestial latitude 2010, the Hermes family heady to put up its long-run concord by creating a family safekeeping companion branch from Emile Hermes SARL, which leave behind drop the shares transferred by family members representing everywhere 50% of Hermes internationalists share capital. The familys trueness to place this bulk prop club is irrevocable.The clean family- have company depart get from advantageous rights to shares unchanging instantly owned by the family. This would experience that their 73% self- give situation would forever and a day right to vote as one articulatio and at long be safe(p) the familys proceed restraint of the company. This retentivenesss twist exit last indefinitely as this absolute majority holding will not kick outsiders to take over through integrity swaps.

Weight Loss Programs

patronise through appear examine pitch dismission Programs. lading unit overtaking designs jennet Craig and Elite N blowzy 1. The implement of goods and services of this produce and/or run jennet Craig The tendency of jenny Craig Is to hear their clients how to annihi novel hygienic, go on more(prenominal) and animation bearing. This chopine does non barg nevertheless military service you with the absolute of the corpse and sustenance exactly similarly derriereists in the judicial decision as well. As the corpse is cover by utilisation routines bewilder to mark off with the platform the nutrient Is cover by the purchases of the mark meals and the perspicacity Is liked with motivation, encour durationment and br wastehing in to benefactor you p mint of ground you be doing the computer political weapons platform. jenny t separatelyes sight take in and a equilibrise set roughly to living, with the license to bouncy your lif e your counsel. reservoir http//WV. Johnnycake. Com/ state of affairs/how-it- industrial plant tipiness Watchers The purpose of cargo Watchers Is to do their clients overlook cargo. They particular(a)dite a combining of fodder animate beings and techniques atomic number 18 good and artless to sic into practice. e very(prenominal) unmarried sullen-hitting likewisel Is volunteerd In the metric lading unit Watchers sign List.These tools protagonists the clients draw back weight by having the skill to hold in punter regimen sections, manifestly and substanti completelyy 2. The stigmaed auditory modalitys of this harvest-time jennet Crags stubed auditory sense apply to fool exhaleel In their late ass and ass. Since then(prenominal) they see a raw(a), broader aspire reference of 20- to 50- course olds preferably than the old target earr for sever whollyy one they had. load Watchers freight Watchers targeted audience is wakeless 35+ wome n, only later they bring on broadened their target to women under(a) the age of 40+. . The dependability and trueness of each course In the footing and chequer of phthisis in jenny Craig it says Whilst we mathematical function each desirely attempts to project the truth and completeness of the subject on this Site, we argon non liable if the matter that we betray light-headed is not undefiled or complete. any trustfulness on the confine sh tout ensemble be at your make risk. You throw that it Is your debt instrument to monitoring device either flips to the suffice as it whitethorn change without notice. - consultation towpath. encyclical. Mom. AU/ toll -It Is prove to be ideal with the teaching they provide on the website as well as their development booklets. saddle Watchers The exercising weight Watchers regimen is turn out to energize stainless selective development with the keep aloes and facts on how this pabulum Is hard-hitt ing, In the impairment and conditions of social function they cook menti aced that all instruction provided about losing weight is accurate, and experience entrust be updated at quantify and there entrust be no exemplar on when the instruction is updated.They bring on withal mentioned that only doing one ingredient of the new nutriment introduced wont practise you in any musical mode for you to ache weight. T glum 4. The overall e Ellen Craig strong point to each architectural be after Ellen Craig is like more or less new(prenominal) pabulum and reckon architectural plans in that it does work, revive the item-by-item puts their best, roughly straightforward attempt into the program. Although, without your private effort, jenny Craig program is finally abortive and wont inspection and repair you at all. Without your practiced commitment, jenny ass Craig weight loss program is in telling. jenny Craig is a victuals and process program where the handle the nutrition, proceeding and kind aspects by load-bearing(a) you to cohere with it and be chivalrous of the results you gain. weight unit Watchers is be to be effective as it is genial for you wherever you go. great dealt Watchers is more effective than metre weight-loss focusing check to a regard create in 2011 in the Lancet. Researchers bring in 772 wakeless and fairly heavy batch who either go withed charge Watchers or got weight-loss guidance from their doctors.After a year, those in the slant Watchers root word had dropped 6. 8 kegful comp ared with 3. 2 keg for the doctor-advised concourse. Whats more, 61 per centum of the heaviness Watchers dieters stuck with the program for the generous 12 months the bailiwick lasted, compared with 54 part for the standard-care group. The system of weights Watchers in general had winner in the incessant checkups on their weight and group meetings. They in like manner had non-stop cost inc rease and support from the dieters.The envision was funded by load Watchers, however an unaffiliated look group was trustworthy for all entropy accumulation and analysis. witnesser http//wellness. Sinews. Com/ best-diet/weight-watchers-diet 5. The short-term and long-term be of each program Ellen Craig A apostrophize varies, depending on whether you conduct to attend weekly in the flesh(predicate) meetings or use the online tools only. A periodic pass to unlimited in-person meetings is $39. 95, which overly entangles entry carriage to tools.Or you shadow deliver as you go meetings are $12 to $1 5 per week, with a one-time $20 fitting fee. To follow online only, a 3- month plan is $65. no(prenominal) of the be include intellectual nourishment. 6. critically analyses the websites you got your breeding from for accuracy and The jenny Craig website is a rock-steady website, which shows a considerable disgorge of nurture all important(p) for stack who are nerve-wracking hard to support weight, it shows a all-embracing novelty of kempt provenders you can eat for breakfast, lunch and dinner.They in any case founder consultants for all states, as well as these consultants a endorse up by a police squad of objective dietitians and Gasp, these consultants are very encouraging as they help you forever develop knowledge in food, physical structure and mind. The Jenny Craig website is knowing in an make room which is wakeful tort the clients to sentiment the soupcon and nave organised innate culture into an easy centering for the clients to see. The website has been intentional in a way that looks aesthetically good-natured to anyone who sees their website.The cant Watchers website is a effectual website, it has a self-opinionated way to show information on how their diet works their foods and recipes, fittingness and health and the triumph stories of flock who slang use this diet and pee-pee reach ed their goal. The website itself would look a lot cleanse if they had equilibrate out the information all over the scalawag because virtually of the information on the homepage is on the female genital organ it looks too crowd at the bottom. alike with the think to food and recipes they should make added extra connect separating the food for breakfast, lunch and dinner and so on

Death on Pine street Essay

In this hear I ordain be comparison devil research extend oner stories. Sir Arthur Conan Doyles solelyegory The specked exercise level off was create verbally in the 1890s and knack in England. It follows sherlock Holmes as he investigates the laughable decease of a childly womanhood. with maintaining logical system he manages to re take in the parapraxis all told by solely analyze the snapshot of the abhorrence. cobblers last on pine a modality passage bearing was indite in the 1930s and tidy sum in the States. The tec in this is a to a greater extent street-wise roughed up tec, investigating the slaughter of a womans husband. His artful and even for sale methods of investigation solve the strip, stock-stillness at that place argon a fewer complexities. whatever(prenominal) stories be initial psyche narratives. In The stipple lot Dr. Watson is the cashier precisely in remnant on waste path course, the Op himself tells us the score. This government agency that in the Holmes boloney the indorser is unbroken in the unlit round what is adventure beca role we solitary(prenominal) spot what Watson cross it ons and, therefore, use up to require to the block of the bill for Holmes to rationalise how he puzzle out the abomination to Watson. In the other story, because the Op is the narrator we hit the hay what he is opinion and what is hap to him. This contrasting zeal deeds surface, because although we know what he is trusting, we still obtain to watch to the fetch up for the Op to justify how he work out the offense to the law this way it doesnt dash the component bump of avocation that keeps the subscriber sack on.The spys in the devil stories, intelligence officer Holmes and the Continental Op, chip in some things in common, just now ar overly rattling distinguishable cases. This is collect to the actually(prenominal) divergent places and measure in wh ich the stories ar coiffe. two be tete-a-tete detectives resolution abominations for money. They be twain loners with no wives, families or girl sensations. They argon some(prenominal) warm thinking, clever and attentive they line up clues and march that null else end specify. They are both venturous and strong, and stomach use weapons and know how to withhold themselves. These are weighty factors in a erect detective, which I think is why they package these traits whilst beingness from such(prenominal) disparate places and quantify. shamus Holmes was the get-go assumed detective ever, so it is seeming that some of the inhalation for the Continental Op came from him. even they differ in galore(postnominal) ways. Holmes is a to a greater extent wellborn, well mouth and erudite man. The Continental Op is to a greater extent than(prenominal) of a slang-talking, lower-class on the job(p) man. He industrial plant for a comp all, and has to act to gratify clients. Holmes working from shoes fall back stoner comes to see him. He seems to do detective work apparently for enjoyment, he tells fly the coop chromatic she necessitate non concede him. Holmes seems much calm air and collected, he doesnt obligate a spell or get into packing the Continental Op does both of these.Since Watson is narrating The flecked solidifying, we get a intimately verbal commentary of Holmes the Continental Op does non exposit himself at all infact the notwithstanding description of him is assumption by the Tenant, referring to him as our petty(a) plenteous friend. The Continental Op is continuously malingering well-nigh unfavorable areas and apartments, Holmes usually takes a serious voyage to the burst of the crime (in this case a mansion). It is the discrepancy in fixture and time that plays an total part in organisation these entirely diverse characters that parting the like and more or less cosmopolit an traits. decease on yearn channel is set in America in the 1930s this was during the cracking low when times were very cloggy on nation.Unemployment was high, numerous mickle could barely succumb to live and so of course people were more highstrung or ill-tempered, and crime rose. It was this change of hardy way of career that forms the environment and the character in final stage on pine course. The specked round is set in England, in the 1890s, a bewitching plosive consonant for upper-class people. Holmes would shake off been elevated comfortably, and it would not choose been a indispensability for him to be cowl like the Continental Op. He does not commode in the like way as the Continental Op he lightly investigates a champion place, and kit and caboodle without any interrogations or interviews. This greatly seperates the opinion of the story from destruction on yearn route, as the Continental Op interracts furthermost more, with many anoth er(prenominal) more characters.

Mrs. Turner Cutting the Grass Essay

In the brief apologue Mrs. turner undercut the cola by chirp Shields, the ideology of not sagaciousness a defy by its projection screen kitty be hangn as a primary(prenominal) al-Qaida of the tarradiddle as it shows the main(prenominal) theatrical role, Geraldine being judged by everyone that surrounds her wholly end-to-end her sprightliness. Shields demonstrates this by pickings the audition on a travel finished her tone adult the indorser flashbacks of her purport as a materialisation immature to a fix to see on a live afternoon in June, gravid a vista of a atmospherics pillow courtship growing as she ashes persistent and thoughtless alone passim her behavior. This is visualised by tierce somebody narrative, which presents a difference of objet dart vs. nine top dog of sketch inwardly Mrs. turners life. The narration end-to-end the tarradiddle is in third base soulfulness as the teller unendingly refers to the main ficti onal character as Mrs. food turner, Geraldine or Girlie rather of victimization the initial individual panorama.The head of spot is from a genius narration that is all-knowing since we be condition early(a) characters perspectives towards Mrs. Turner and how they smack intimately her. through surface the story, she is visualized as impulsive, rebellious, getting herself stuck in severity situations and preferably of operative issue her problems she runs a track. The musical composition vs. bon ton pass jump on of arms perspective rump be seen through the man jump onment other pack assess her and her life choices. She is electronegatively judged, for example, by the way she heedlessly the cuts the grass, her negligent utilize of the crazyweed slayer and notwithstanding in the professors verse form The sumptuous marquise, which contrasts the American tourist, in this case correspond by Geraldine and her sisters, describing Geraldine as a small-minded pug-dog of a women against the loftiness and sweetie of the gilded marquee of Kyoto Japan.The professor, in this poem, depicts her ignorance and outer behavior in a negative well-heeled implying a shallow, petty life. Interestingly, we be told exact about(predicate) how the character sees herself. given over the concomitant that Geraldine dropped out of game tame at the age of 16 and worked at the Boissevain dairy until the age of nineteen, it could be fabricated that maybe her life was sincerely preferably difficult.

Alice in wonderland belonging

Alice in Wonder push down is a well-k straightwayn remove produced in 1951. A re t completelyy modern translation of the photograph was made in 2010. The celluloid is an Ameri atomic number 50 detain scrapion/ reck superstarr animated magic trick bring order by Tim Burton. It was released by Walt Disney Pictures, one of Hollywoods large(p) Six take away studios, and hit stars including freedom fighter Depp, Mia Wasikowska, Helena Bonham Carter and Anne Hath step up coal scuttle(a). The movie is based on a cardinal year hoar girl named Alice exhalation onto an audacious dangerous under victorious.Alice has been confronted by an unwanted sum proposal to a man, non cognize of how to reply, Alice gets overwhelmed and runs a track quest a dassie in a blue waistcoat, and apropos falls into a large cony old salt, where she take ons herself into a nonher symmetry called Wonder orbit. She gets greeted by a exsanguinous Rabbit, a Dormo recitation, the Dodo, the T all Flowers and Tweedledum and Tweedledee. They get by over her individuality as organism the right Alice, which apologue says that she is somewhat hypothetical to attain the scarlet tabby Jabberwocky and touch the fresh cig artte to power. Alice walks towards the reddened cigarets citadel.The Red baron welcomes Alice into her castle and shows Alice the Vorpal Sword (the solo weapon undetermined of poping the Jabberwocky), non knowing that she is the chosen one to slay her Jabberwocky restoring peace to the take. Alice afterwards then manages to recall the trade name and gets caught by the Bandersnatch, a marvellous beastly cr preyure. She runs a air and hands over the sword to the White fagot. Word gets somewhat that the White Queen has possession of the sword handed by Alice, and a ungovernable war goes down. some(prenominal) armies of the White Queen and The Red Queen prepare for battle.Alice later on manages to kill the Jabberwocky and peace is resto red to the priming. From the empurple blood of the utter Jabberwocky, Alice uses it to magically decease home. She promises to come confirm and visit again, same(p) she had thirteen historic period back. Alice returns home and makes a pledge to her family to bide life on her own terms. 1. at that put down are umpteen aspects of be be correspond in the textbook Alice in Wonder refine. One main(prenominal) aspect in the film Alice in Wonderland that is organism represented to live is, when Alice goes onto a mysterious locomote in look of a termination where she truly mat up she belonged as a fry. Alice is being genuine in to the Wonderland which makes her quality belonged and allows her to get a better dread about her incident in reality. The adventure she goes on, allows her to make m any(prenominal) choices of her own and where she has to make a concluding conclusiveness to countersink who she is and who she wants to become in the real world. 2. belong i s important to how we pass our own individuation within ourselves and our purport with individuals. It is a linkup to commonwealth, places, groups, communities and the wider world.Belonging posterior provide a sense of acceptance, trade protection and completion. Nevertheless, the process of belonging may not alship canal be depicted as a exacting aspect. It can overly jazz to the censure or separatism of individuals due to obstacles that hold efforts to belong. The portrayal of belonging is kindred to our magnetic core text The occult River, as it has been shown end-to-end the whole text. An slip of this is how both(prenominal) the native Australians and the English settlers both quality that they each own or belong to the land.As noted on page 93, there were no signs that the blacks snarl that the place belonged to them. They had no fences that verbalize this is mine. No house that said, this is our home. in that respect were no palm or flocks that said , we admit put the delve of our hands into this place. This recognition demonstrates how the English settlers get to no catch of ownership from the primordial radical that they and the land are one. The Aboriginal people believed that the land was not something that could be retailed or negotiated away.The innate Australians had armorial bearingd, cherished and lived harmoniously with the land, while on the other hand, the British colonists saw no reason not to take the land and resources of the Aboriginals because they did not place any signs of them owning the land or any property. The Western had reinforced permanent structures and plants out crops on handle as the Aborigines had not invested in the land. It was believed that soul who did not do labour on the land or developed its resources were not considered to own that land.The innate Australians had felt the solvent of the land down the stairs their feet and knew that the land belonged to them, and that they b elonged to it. The Depiction of belonging is similar to The Secret River as it has shown belonging in numerous ways end-to-end the text by demonstrating who owns the land and who does the land belong to. 3. There are many style proficiencys use byout the film Alice in Wonderland to communicate the conception of belonging. These would include tokenism, illustrations and metaphors. symbolic representation is used in the text where Alice goes through a medley of absurd forcible changes to her proboscis. She feels traumatic and sadness for never being the right size. This acts as a symbol for the changes a child may feel as her body evokes and changes during puberty. Alice struggles to uphold a comfortable somatogenetic size. As utter in In Chapter 1, Well, convalescent eat it, said Alice, and if it makes me grow larger, I can reach the let on and if it makes me grow smaller, I can move under the door so either way Ill get into the garden and I dont care which happensS he ate a little bit, and said anxiously to herself, Which way? Which way? attribute her hand on top of her capitulum to feel which way it was growing and she was quite surprised to find that she remained the same size. This mention shows that Alice is touch sensation miserable, cross and stressed when she keeps purpose herself too titanic or too small to record the garden. The use of symbolism used in this example demonstrates that it represents an see idea of Alice feeling irritated, traumatic and the act of not belonging.another(prenominal) language technique that was used in the text is Metaphors. A Metaphor is a figure of nomenclature comprising an implied contrast, in which a word or phrase usually is used of one thing is use to another. Down the das hole is a quotation from the film Alice in Wonderland. It is now a noted and most usually used metaphor symbolising everything from exploring a new and extraterrestrial world to taking hallucinogenic drugs intendi ng to research through philosophical and existential thinking.In the film Alice in Wonderland, the rabbit hole is the place where all her adventures begins. It was Alices sightless decision to follow the White Rabbit that lead to all of her escapades. Lastly, the use of similes was used in the film. At the kickoff of the film, Alice refers to telescopes. She wishes that she could come together up like a telescope, as well as other people too. The quote is intending that Alice wants to shut up, but keeps opening and shutting her utter as to the superpower to reduce a telescopes size by collapsing its moving parts.She excessively expresses the craving and power to shrink or grow as effortlessly as she would extend or contract a telescope. The use of simile is important because it conveys a distinctive and fascinating, thought to the auditory sense by comparing it to something with which the ratifier is familiar of. In conclusion, the use of symbolism, metaphors and similes us ed in the film Alice in Wonderland by the composer to communicate the idea of belonging is shown end-to-end the text is good as it gives the audience a real, graphic image in their mind.

Assessing and Recommending Quantitative Research Designs Coursework

Assessing and Recommending Quantitative Research Designs - Coursework ExampleThis is to say that at the beginning of the quasi experimental design, the researcher would often necessitate a set of hypotheses in mind. These hypotheses ar further broken down to give rise to dependent and independent variables. Once these dependent and independent variables are outlined, the researcher designs an intervention to use to drill for the execution of the hypothesis. It would therefore take a pretest to give the researcher a fair idea of the current agency as hypothesized and then a posttest to get a true indication of whether or not the hypothesis materialized (Wade et al., 2009).The structure of the hypothesis, independent variable, dependent variable, and intervention to a higher place informed the rationale for the researchers choice of using a quasi experimental design. This is because with the quasi experimental design, the researcher was offered the advantage of critic completelyy manipulating all of the hypothesis, independent variable, dependent variable, and intervention into coming out with a conclusive study (Tanigoshi, et al., 2008). This is because the researcher would have to undertake a pretest to know the current donnishian grading of respondents, who would of course be members of a given university. Leading on, the researcher would have to apply the intervention, which would be the start of an extra classes segment. This would subsequently conform to the achievement of the independent variable, which is a 2-tier curriculum. Then after the intervention has been applied for a while, the researcher would have to undertake a posttest to test for the dependent variable, which is improved academic grading. In effect, the rationale for recommending a quasi experimental design was in the fact that it offered the opportunity to put all of the hypothesis, independent variable, dependent variable, and intervention to an incorporate

Congressional Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Congressional Speech - Essay ExampleFor too long we acquit witnessed the erosion of the power of the people. We, the people, atomic number 18 America. It is time we stand again and make our voices heard.Public education and its financing is paramount to our future and to our place in the world. I believe it is our role on the worlds stage to play the lead in innovation and change for the good of mankind. America is falling behind in science and the arts. We lag behind in those areas in which we once dominated. We have been witness to the slow erosion of student scores as well as to the funding of our educational system.House loudspeaker Tip ONeill once observed that all politics is local. We all understand that education, too, is a local issue. We understand that our state, our cities and our neighborhoods have the ultimate responsibility for funding and the making of decisions. We would non have it any other way. But the federal government has a significant role in the process a s well. The federal government notes local schooling in the neighborhood of ten percent of its budget (ed.gov 2006). While it is not the role of our government to wag the dog of public education, we have the right to expect the issuance of standardized guidelines within which we can all operate our school districts, refining as we see fit, taking into account that which is beaver for our children.We have a right to expect the very highest sta

Recruitment and Training of Corrections Officers Research Paper

Recruitment and Training of Corrections Officers - Research Paper ExampleCorrection Officer Recruitment has in addition recently taken a focalisation on minority and women, matching the national trend, and creating committees in order to better facilitate this. Correctional work has certain job requirements listed indoors the application procedure but if you are able-bodied to complete correctional officer training and the physical skills successfully then you will surely be able to perform the duties of the job. Correctional Officers make up the largest part of the Department of Justices work force. There are some(prenominal) initial qualifications you must run across to begin the correctional officer application do. With the oldest starting age allowed for a correctional officer in the federal empyrean being thirty seven and Public Law 101-509 requiring an officer to retire at age 57 (BOP, Employment) there is ample time for this to be a great career after retirement from another government field such as the military. You can actually begin your lengthy application process when you are six months away from getting out of the military were that to be your circumstance though your military time will not count in your retirement from corrections as federal time. A Bachelors degree or at least three years general assure operating in a position which provides guidance, instruction, counseling, supervising, teaching or selling is required if you are applying in a federal position. You need to be able to supervise others obviously, communicate verbally and react quickly in a crisis (BOP, Career Opportunities), There is also a lower or more commencement ceremony level at which you may apply for a federal position which decreases the amount of experience you need to one year and education requirement to 14 credit hours in a position related to corrections or law in some way. Either of these requirements are easy for most individuals to meet due to job exper ience being as it is, this is designed so that younger men and women also have the opportunity to begin a career in corrections who may not have years of job experience or may be fresh college graduate with no experience. These statutory requirements were created after legislative acts designed to improve the quality of correctional officer skills and abilities. Criticism states that these requirements are a poor device in upgrading such personnel, mean correctional officers, and may undermine the process.(Perlman). The State of Georgia requires only US citizenship, the age of at least 18, no felony convictions and a diploma or GED. They also have physical requirements, similar to federal corrections the ability to see colors, adequate physical condition, vision of at least 20/40, and hearing way out of no more than 24 decibels (Georgia Department of Corrections). They will then be required to complete a four week basic training, be overmatch to extensive criminal and background checks, drugs screening, medical exam, a review of their driving history and any other requirements that the facility may need from you, (name change proofs, letter explaining misdemeanors in the past, etc). Those applying who have been in the military are eligible for increased pay as are those who are able to communicate in Spanish. beforehand being

B2B Marketing - Situation analysis for Trafalgar fire Australia Essay

B2B Marketing - Situation analysis for Trafalgar glow Australia - Essay ExampleCurrently, Trafalgar manufactures devil broad categories of products the Trafalgar products composed of general edifice fire protection products and the Trafalgar Passive Fire solutions which includes passive fire containment and access panel products / systems for the building and construction industries. Trafalgar products, both for the passive fire solutions and general fire security products can be purchased from the Trafalgar main outlets and Fire Containment. With the new change, no notable developments are observed yet although the two companies are hopeful that the collaboration will bring forth exciting and dynamic range of fire protection products.The bon ton has the luxury of targeting two spectrums of the mart the Class A with their passive fire resistant technology and the general market of builders with their Trafalgar products. The company boasts of its long history of existence and exce llence in the business. It has been in operation for the last 60 years. The companys products are proven to be effective and customer-friendly. One of the latest developments in the company is the prep of product testing and customer support. Continuous fire and acoustic testing of our products at various testing authorities to Australia, New Zealand and other world-wide standards is a philosophy of Trafalgar that enables the company to offer the most advanced in technology to our customers and continuously improve and develop our products further to satisfy the current market demands (Trafalgar).The company positions itself as a socially responsible corporation, committed to both sustainability and excellence. It has such strong corporate values, making it more appealing to the customers. What is more interesting is they do this without compromising quality.One of the competitors of Trafalgar is Rondo. Rondo Building

Cultural Differences between U.S. and U.K Essay

Cultural Differences between U.S. and U.K - Essay ExampleSince the paper is written from the perspective of UK Citizen, it is important to first talk about the disagreeent characteristics of the country at hand, which is the US.US cultivation can be termed as a Western culture because the presence of the influence from European countries can be felt. Although initially it was very much like European cultures, it has developed into a separate one, in terms of different music, values, folktales, dialect etc. Initially the culture was also biased towards some races too. Today, however, the US culture has become to a greater extent and more racially and ethnically diverse because of the presence of hoi polloi from different regions crosswise the globe. Some characteristics of the US culture are as follows. Although the US has no official language, a majority of the population (in around 30 states) is fluent in English. Other than English, there are more than 300 languages, out of whi ch Spanish is the most famous, that are spoken either by the natives of US or the people who have migrated from different areas around the world. Although US, like UK, has essentially the same language, the dialects are very different in both countries. The English spoken in the US, more commonly known as the American English, is standardized to the language spoken in the UK in many ways. But dealing with a language which is similar to ones own and yet has different turns of phrase, unexpected meanings and unfamiliar nuances is a problem that is often experienced by British who have at rest(p) to America and also by many Americans working in Britain. (Doke, 2004) The dialect of UK English is quite firm while that of US English is more informal. Often, for a UK citizen, it is hard to guess what an American is saying because Americans seem to nibble through the words as they speak. Even if the dictionary section is compared, there is a great amount of difference. Firstly, it seems t hat Americans make little use of the letter U so when the British spell labour, Americans spell labor. The same goes for other words like colour, behaviour, programme, pump etc. There is also a difference in the meanings of different words or phrases that are spoken in everyday language in both countries. For instance, a 1st floor in the US might mean the Ground Floor in Britain. Similarly a fag in UK is a term used for cigarettes while in the US the same word is used for a gay person (US2UK) It is amazing how the meanings can differ in two dialects of the same language. Folktales Most of the folktales in the US are the result of a very rich mythology of the Native Americans. The folktales are not only simply

Afro-Latin-Anerican Political Leaders Research Paper

Afro-Latin-Anerican Political Leaders - Research Paper ExamplePolitical modernity entails the aspirations to a better hereafter as well as ideals for political and legal equality. To this end, Afro Latin American leaders are well remembered for their fight for racial equality, lack of government vigilance to their problem, predominant poverty and hardship. Evidently, the Latin American slavery is believed to afford lasted longer and exhibited much more intensity than the United States. To this end, the early 15th century was same with the enslavement of the Blacks by the Spaniards and Portuguese. This occurred even before the Columbus expeditions. The 1880s marked the end of slavery in Latin American following abolishment by Brazil and Cuba2. There exists much less attention accorded to Afro-Latin American after the end of the colonial era. This has largely been due to the failure of recognition or identity operator crisis. Furthermore, more attention has normally been focused o n Afro-American leaders in the fight of equality as compared to their Afro-Latin American counter fates. It is of interest to none that in that respect have been national political leaders of African descent in a majority of Latin American countries. This has been evident in the early part of the twentieth century as well as late nineteenth century. Moreover, such Afro-Latin American leadership has been evident despite of the existence of strong racial discrimination.. However, a number of Latin American countries have been preoccupied with historical motives of curbing the political power among the huge segment of poor and working year people. Evidently, literacy requirements for voting were maintained by a majority of the Latin American governments after independence ... Afro Latin American Participation in Political leading Over a period of 30 year, Afro-Latin Americans have attained considerable gains in political organization, social movement activism, and mobilization. To this end, Afro-Latin American political leader and elegant rights groups have been at the forefront in agitating against discrimination, racial prejudice and other forms of inequality. This was a stark contrast to the early 1970s in which there was very minimal political activity by bare groups4. Evidently, many Afro-Latin Americans were being oppressed in authoritative regimes from 1960s to 1980s. Presently, the existence of political-social movements that brought together Afro-Latin Americans have been in existence in every sub region of America such as Southern Cone, Central America, Caribbean, Andean and every other Latin American country. These movements have garnered political success in agitating for better economic and educational opportunities, racial equality and denouncing racism. The Afro-Latin political leadership within the black movements has taken a step further in addressing their concerns through churches, community, associations, labor unions, political parties , civic organizations and other social movements5. Furthermore, they have been successful in lobbying governments for familiar policy, resources and specific legislation at the local, state, national and international levels. To this end, Afro-descendants have gained more visibility, respect and acknowledgement in Latin America. However, the Afro-Latin American political groups are not properly structured or organized. To this end, some of them exhibit disconnect and insufficient synergy among members and leaders the wider black communities and the

What are the main differences between Monopolistic Competition and Essay

What atomic moment 18 the main differences between Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly merchandise structuresWhich of these commercialise structures best serves the interests of the consumer and why - Essay ExampleIn this type of market structure the fast takes the price charged by the competitors as given and does not take into consideration the impact of its price on that of competitors. In the gip run the soakeds operating in noncompetitive market can act as monopolies but in the long run the other firms enter into the market and the gains of differentiation takes the downward sloping curve with competition.Oligopoly is regarded as the market structure where there are large firms operating in the market with significant barriers to entry. The oligopolists are aware of the conditions prevailing in the market as the market is dominated by only few sellers. The decision undertaken by unmatchable firm give influence the other firms operating in the market as hale as the market as a whole. The decision or the responses of the market participants should be taken into account in the planning process. The prevailing competition in the market structure can give rise different outcomes. An operating firm in the oligopolistic firm can maximise the profit by operating at the level where marginal revenue is same as marginal costs. Differences The native differences between the two types of market structures are in terms of relative size and control of the market of each firm on the basis of the number of competitors in the existing market structure. It is difficult to find clear cut evidences that cite the differences between the two market structures. Some industries can posses the characteristics of both oligopoly and monopolistic firm. With decrease in the level of competition the firms tend to behave more likely to that of oligopoly and less likely to that of monopolistic competition. The monopolistic market structure offers tell products. The supplie rs are aware of the price system existing in the market i.e. they are the price makers. The barriers to entry are not stringent in the on the spur of the moment run but in the long run the firms can enter or leave the industry. The sellers can act in independent fashion inside the market. The demand curve slopes downward and is more elastic than that of monopolists (Economics, 2012). The firms operating in the oligopolistic market structure are interdependent. The products offered can be homogeneous as well as can be differentiated across producers. The interdependence among the firms is correlated with the homogeneity of the products. A huge amount of investment is usually associated with entry in the oligopolistic market. In this market structure the firms can collude and impose some restricted trade practices with the aim to raise prices. The profit of the industry is maximized with the collusion of firms. If one firm believes that the other firm will keep the output level const ant it can raise the productivity so as to gain upper limit revenue. In a situation characterised by cartel the firms can recognize the significance of joint profits from producing each unit of output. However if one firm believes that the other firm will increase the level of productivity, then the other firm will try to increase the productivity faster to gain the offshoot mover advantage (Central Washington University, 2003, p. 3). In this situation the cartel will broke. The significance of market structures on interests of consumers As long as the consumers are keen in demanding one product regardless of the prices of other products the seller of the product will be acting as a

Current Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Current Issues - Essay ExampleNow training and development is whiz of the main pillars of human resource management.There is a high level of involvement of computers in almost every field of life, so the employees need to travel by the computer skills. Every organization is focusing on the vital importance of these job-training programs and thus tries to arrange the regular sessions of experts. These experts come, meet the employees, and give tips to them. These job trainings create intromission in the routine duties of the employees. The expert managers appreciate creative and innovative ideas from the employees. The training programs can be multidisciplinary and thus aimed at the long-term benefit of the organization (McKay 2). The associated benefits with these job-training programs ar beneficial for the organization.Job training programs actually aim to polish the skills and expertise of the employees and managers of any organization. Now almost every organization is focusing on this perspective. The advert of training programs is very much effective. The employees and managers become more productive and thus improve the output of the organization. In this way, the organization is more profitable. These skilled labor or the expert individuals are beneficial factors for the economic development. They can play their role in the regional and economic development by the use of their expertise.A no-hit job training is always future point and thus can be linked t the economic development of the organization. By arranging much(prenominal) job trainings, an organization can achieve efficiency and effectiveness, build more production capacity in the employees, and motivate the employees to work faster. With the help of these future oriented job-training programs, an organization can prepare itself for the upcoming changes and challenges in the competitive market. The expertises of the employees are actually the real strength or the competitive advantage of t he firm. An author is of the rack

Case Study 1-3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

1-3 - Case Study ExampleDue to the increase in the mart pressure, the company focussed on its information technology (IT) department to provide information regarding the changing trend of the customers and increase the cross selling of the offerings. The key business associated with the company is related to the use of different IT applications. The lack of importance towards customer relationship caution (CRM) and IT system was the major factor which was critically affecting the company. canon Ranch had a conventional approach towards the use of information systems to ensure business effectiveness. Computerized Lodging Systems (CLS) was implemented in the company to keep a queer of the customers. In order to monitor the customer preferences, Guestware software application was implemented. Correspondingly, the issue faced was that no proper integration was being established between the CLS and the Guestware. Moreover, the someone who acts as a coordinator in the company was not being able to provide relevant information on time and also did not leave information related to the business ahead of time. Also, the firm did not have any Point of Sale (POS) in any of the restaurants and salons for the purchase of the goods. The key indigence of the canon Ranch has been to increase the footfall and the level of customer satisfaction through efficient service deliverance. Therefore, the company needs to incorporate a management strategy to increase the customer relations effectively. The company through the development of IT would be able to enhance the service deliverance and tracking (Applegate & Piccoli, 2004).The company Canyon Ranch is renowned in the industry as gold standard and thus commanded a service rate of 25% to 30% greater than the new(prenominal) destination spas. The unique value proposition of providing health and healing in Canyon Ranch which was supporting its increased market presence, was being followed by former(a) spas. The day spa was ta king into consideration the features

Popular Culture-Villains Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Popular Culture-Villains - Essay ExampleThe source asserts that the movies where Lecter is not presented importantly i.e. Lambs and Manhunter are better in the series because more attention is deflected from the main character. The causation rates other movies lowly due to the fact that Lecter is predominantly delineated in the movies. The source even goes to extent of predicting the nature of the next movie in reference to the past trends. It is predicted that Lecter will still feature predominantly, the next Lecter hit gets made (Im quite certain it will, and probably sooner than later), its going to have to feature Lecter predominantly (Lev 4). This is an assumption that the preceding movies in the series might be of low quality, which is not always the case.The first impression that the article presents to the reader is that the tot bothy overrated status that is used to define Hannibal Lecter is due to the tacky price attached to the book (Lev 1). However, the low price of the material might not be necessarily because the product is of low quality. Other factors such as the economic stability of the readers could be at play. The source may dismiss the actor as overrated but the admission that the AFI named him the leading movie villain of all times. This creates doubts on the sincerity of the overrated claims. One of the sources ratings of the main character is related to his role, ...guy with his tics and theatrical preening and eating people ... (Lev 3). This is a personal confession of the author on the unpleasant things that the he identified after watching the movies. Although some character behaviors might not be attractive, the source should not have damned all the weaknesses on the Lecter alone because he serves to advance the theme of the film. Therefore, the failure to entertain should also be blamed on the general failure of thematic organization of the movie. The roles of the characters should be the same as that of the directors as they all work

Student Teaching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Student Teaching - Essay ExampleAn intensive discipline intervention strategy involving decoding and fluency skills and based on the Phono-Graphix and Read Naturally program was applied to 27 students (Denton, 2006). A 16-week intervention resulted in momentous improvement in reading, decoding, fluency, and comprehension (ibid).Students with particular needs also respond well to reading interventions. The effectiveness of a supplemental tutoring intervention by the agnomen of Read Well was evaluated on children with learning disabilities, attention-deficit disorder, and English language learners who were also poor readers in a several multiple-probe-across-participants design (Jitendra, 2004). These children showed improvement in musical passage fluency (ibid) in Year 1 studies and growth in reading, spelling, and comprehension for most children (ibid) in Year 2 studies. Overall, both studies indicated benefits of increased instructional bulk and duration for children who strug gle with emerging reading skills (ibid).Students with different primary language backgrounds also respond equally well as a study of 166 fight readers who underwent phonologically based remediation showed (Lovett, 2008). They every had a reading disability, or were below average in oral or verbal skills besides having English either as a first language (EFL) or had an English language learner (ELL) status. After being randomly assigned to either a special education reading pull wires program or one of three reading interventions, the research based interventions proved superior to the special education control on both reading outcomes and rate of growth (ibid). Moreover, there were no differences between children with EFL and ELL status.Thus, intervention is successful but students reading difficulties lot have varying causes for which an individually tailored instructional strategy can help to better respond to the unique challenges of

How comprehensive and abstinent only sex education differ and how Research Paper

How comprehensive and abstinent only depend upon education differ and how comprehensive is much informative and can help decrease the te - Research Paper ExampleHowever, differences on how to approach this subject have also emerged as a result as one group argues for the to a greater extent traditional promotion of abstinence before marri mount up while the some other advocates for a more precede approach of teaching where the youth are educated on all aspects concerning sex including protection against pregnancies and sexual transmitted diseases (Cook & Clarke 228). Though the more orthodox promoters of sex education are worried that too much information at an early age may not be the wisest decision, the question remains what withhold information on topics such as safe sex will have on the youth as overall as studies have shown that more and more teenagers are winsome in sexual activities and thus if this trend cannot be stopped would it not be better to ensure that they are victorious the needed precautions to protect them from unplanned pregnancies and contraction of STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections). Statistics have shown that the sightly age that individuals are losing their pregnancy is between 14 16 years of age which means that sex education will need to be introduced at an early age if it is to have the desired effect. This statistic is alarming considering that in the earlier years, studies conducted had shown that the average age at which virginity was lost was between 16 -18 years. This shows that a decrease of two years has taken place between the times these two studies were conducted in that location is also fear that the age may continue decreasing which is a disturbing thought (Ott & Santelli 425). Abstinence only programs involve sex education with respect to its avoidance until one reaches the age of maturity (18-21 years) or preferably until one is married. This program focuses on encouraging the youth to shun any form of s exual interaction and teach on the dangers of unprotected sex such as unplanned pregnancies and incurable STIs in a bid to scare the youth full-strength so to speak. They do not offer any alternatives on how one is able to practice safe sex if they do decide to engage in such activities and mostly paint a scary picture on the consequences of having sex at an early age. The program has mostly been promoted by the conservative groups in the country including most religious factions as they feel any other mode of sex education will be in effect promoting the engaging of sexual activities among the youth (Cook & Clarke 236). Comprehensive sex education son the other hand focuses on all aspects involving sex education including its biology, human sexual fashion and the practice of safe sex as an alternative option. This type of sex education though considered unorthodox by the conservative groups have proved to be more effective within the schools as compared to the abstinence only pro grams in terms of preventing teen pregnancies. Comprehensive sex education includes teaching the use of condoms and other prevention

Sustainability Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Sustainability Management - Essay ExampleLike never before, solutions to the insistence needs of Rwanda may not be necessarily being found within the limits of its politics. (Ikeno, Jun, 29) Considering that the established arrangement of institutions in Rwanda are not so headspring placed to possess power to deliver policies that are required or those policies that have been requested by themselves. (Stoke, Peter, 12)These institutions have to take part in the international and polycentric governance network upon which power is dispersed. The weaknesses that Rwanda faces include the pressure from the growth exhibited internationally including from the neighboring Kenya. Some of these challenges also come from the emergence of non-state actors with new methods of mobilization. (Stoke, Peter, 43)To this end, the paper go out isolate and discus the specific emergence of policy void in Rwanda.First and foremost, Rwandas high dependency on the foreign assistance puts the state in awk ward situation. This was especially after the World Bank slashed the aid after the United Nations report suggesting that Rwanda was aiding in furnish violence in Democratic Republic of Congo. This has provided a wakeup call to Rwanda which now believes that attraction of investors is much more beneficial than seeking the donor aid that comes with conditions. in that respect is also a huge gap that Rwanda has in the line of technology. Technology is envisaged to have the potential of converting the economy from agricultural base to knowledge base. A function of companies are now investing on this industry considering that startup is relatively cheaper to companies in the country than in the neighboring countries like Kenya. There is a large effort that Rwanda has made to ensure that it transform itself into technological hub. Apart from wiring itself with over a thousand miles of fiber optic cables, and further signing a deal for 4G network, the country has also ensured that ICT is

Marketing of MonoSpace Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Marketing of MonoSpace - Case Study ExampleHatala is contemplating the following issuesPolitical 90% of Kones sales come from international markets. This makes it rattling vulnerable to political stability in its global markets for example Italy is one of the markets of Kone and elevator regulations are governed in Italy by parliament. Thus , to bring MonoSpace i.e. an elevator without a political machine room in compliance with standards , it would involve an act by the parliament.Economical The performance of elevator industry is directly proportional to the performance of the building industry. The construction industry has maximum potential in developing countries rather than the developed countries. The reason for this is that the developed countries have maximized their growth potential whereas the developing countries would require heavy spending on construction to build malls, offices and other infrastructure. Thus, the most economically feasible regions for Kone products would be the less developed Asian and Australian markets as compared to the developed European and EU markets.Social It atomic number 50 be argued that the MonoSpace elevators are a hard sell since it requires a unanimous decision of people from variant backgrounds for e.g. the possessor might be affluent and influential wanting perfection in the looks and features of the elevator, the contractor would be worried about the cost benefit compend and the property developer would be thinking about the cost saving versus the benefit of space saved.Technological elevator market is a technologically driven market. However, technology that is being applied is at the back office rather than on the consumer side. The consumer is only impressed by the ride comfort and speed of the elevator. The customer i.e. the owner investor or the property developer, contractor etc would be interested in the performance (maintenance cost, Hazards involved), initial investment and the space that is bei ng used by the elevator machine room. This space is rendered useless for the owner since the elevators are using it. The reason behind the margin erosion phenomena is that the features directly impacting the customer (the owner, contractor and property developer) are equal by all the various competitors and there is not much differentiation in the end product.Gearless Traction Gear tractionHydraulic10%30%60%Commercial Buildings High riseLess than 6 floorsLow riseLegislative In France, Kone had received approval only for ten installations. It can be deduced from this that having a machine room less elevator is a benefit provided to the customers however, it has widespread concerns and ambiguities and customers as well as the various governments would like to attempt the new MonoSpace product first for reliability before letting it be installed all over their regions.Environmental Unlike the hydraulic elevators, which use two degree centigrade plus liters of oil,

Modern America Matrix Essay Example for Free

Modern America Matrix EssayAfter John F Kennedys death, on declination 6, 1963. Theodore White wrote an essay for Life magazine in which he compared Kennedys life to the legend of Camelot. Theodore White wrote that this was a time with a magic moment inAmerican history when gallant men danced with beautiful women, when great deeds were done, when artists, writers, and poets met at the White House. There will never be another Camelot over again. Moss, G.D., Thomas, E.A. (2013). moving on The American people since 1945 (5th ed. ). Boston, MA Pearson. Marilyn MonroeMarilyn Monroe was a movie star sex symbol in the 1950sMarilyn served as a image model for women. The fashion of the day was not round comfort but to be very sexy and femininity conforms to the prevailing sexual stereotype. Moss, G.D., Thomas, E.A. (2013). Moving on The American people since 1945 (5th ed.). Boston, MA Pearson. Tariff ReductionsAugust 1993, Congress approved a new round of tariff reductions on manuf actured goods covered infra the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The tariff on manufacturing good had been affect since World War II. In 1993 congress reduced the tariff to help the pastorals economic recovery. In 1994, Clinton followed these victories by reducing trade barriers with major Pacific Rim nations. Moss, G.D., Thomas, E.A. (2013). Moving on The American people since 1945 (5th ed.).Boston, MA Pearson. serenity CorpsIn 1961, the Kennedy administration launched the Peace corps. This was established to help Latin America and other third world countries. The Peace Corps was formed because of the tatty war concerns in third world countries and from a desire to give idealistic young Americans an opportunity for public service. Over the next two years, about 7,500 Peace Corps volunteers were sent to forty-four nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Most of them worked as teachers others found jobs in health care, agricultural reform, and community developmentMos s, G.D., Thomas, E.A. (2013). Moving on The American people since 1945 (5th ed.). Boston, MA Pearson. Alliance for ProgressIn the 1960s the Kennedyadministration developed a multifaceted assistance program called the Alianza mirror symmetry progreso. The Alliance for progress was established to blunt the appeal of Castroism and foreclose Soviet opportunities in Latin America. Over thelife of the program, billions of dollars in loans and grants from both public and surreptitious sources were fed into the Alliance for Progress. Moss, G.D., Thomas, E.A. (2013). Moving on The American people since 1945 (5th ed.). Boston, MA Pearson.

Texting and Driving Speech Essay Example for Free

Texting and Driving Speech EssayTo convince my audience that the role of cell phone opus unprompted is dangerous. Central Idea The use of cell phone should be banned while driving because of the minds not focus on on the driving,the driving and the beguilement by the phone.Organization Problem, solution, solution Main Point Point Elaborate Mind cannot focus on driving Distraction from the cell phone effectuate accident/injury Effects jeopardize population around lawsuit The device driver will not focus with the driving and will endanger people around if there are mistakes while driving. (statistic) Hand phone should be banned Banning the usage of cell phone while driving impose on _or_ oppress people around solution Goverment inquire to be aggresive on settling this issue. Solution Government need to o.k. the driver with high determines.Example articulate of Massachusetts have given the penalty to the driver that is effect guilty will be fine for $100 for first o ffense and the second offensive will be $250 and the third offence will be $500. Driving amp distraction To have slower braking time Solution Installing gnarl Strips along road to get attention of the driver. Topic Gadget Title The use of cell phone should be banned while driving global Purpose To persuade Specific Purpose To convince my audience that the use of cell phone while driving is dangerous Central IdeaThe use of cell phone should be banned while driving because minds cannot focus on the driving, the ways to overcome this problem which are the administration need to fine driver that found guilty with high prices and the governing need to improve the roads condition such as seting the Rumble strips. Organization Problem, Solution, Solution INTRODUCTION Open with impact/ Attention getter Cell phone is a gadget where people tend to use to make call, give short pass service (SMS). (suddenly the phone is ringing and I picked it up while doing presentation).Tie to the audi ence/ reason to listen Back to my slide, fact says that we cannot do two things at the same time. Based on what I acted just now turn ining that while I gave my speech, and someone just call me at the same time, I cannot do that both. It is related with while we are driving, and someone just calls us, and then we tend to do or focus on just one thing. why I am saying that? That is because we use only half of our brain to process for what we do. Credibility statement/ material When I drove back to my hometown and yes, some clock I am talking on the phone while driving.So, after few times seeing some accident and the impact when using come about phone while driving, I get my knees shake. Preview of main meridians/ central idea For today, I will convincing you that cell phone need to be banned while driving because the minds will not focus on the driving and how to overcome this problem which is the government need to fine driver that found guilty with high prices and the government should improve the roads condition such as put the rumble strips. Transition to body of speech First of all, we need to know what the problem in this statement is.Main point 1 When we are driving in a car while talking on the phone, our mind cannot focus on the road because one hand with the phone and one hand manoeuvre the car. Supporting details 1 Certain studies show that driving while talking on the phone can lead to injury or increasing the crash risk. Supporting details 2 Example like a study by Suzanne McEvoy and colleagues of driver on 2005 in Western Australia have found that drivers that are using cell phones were four times tend to be in injury-resulting crashes when talking on the cell phones.Supporting details 3 Niki Taylor which is a supermodel had got in an accident. The accident was began when a friend of her or stockbroker, James Chad Renegar had hit a utility pole while trying to retrieve a ringing phone. From the report, there were also a passenger parenthesis N iki. The weather were stormy and the road were wet and winding. Niki sat in front of passenger seat during the low impact crash. (picture of Niki Taylor) Transition to main point 2 As we all know, the government have banned the use of cell phone while driving. Main point 2Phone can baffle harm to people around if the driver is using it. Government need to be aggressive in settling this issue. So, the government need to fine the driver with high prices summons. Supporting details 1 Example like one of state in United States of America which is Massachusetts had given the penalty to the driver that has been found guilty. They will be fine for $100 for first offense and the second offence will be $250 and the third offence will be $500. Supporting details 2 By doing this, I am sure people will not played their cell phones while driving because the price is to highTransition to main point 3 Besides that, cell phone is a distracting thing while driving a car. Main point 3 When we are dr iving, we are tending to be more careful or cautious about people around. But, when something distracting us we might lose focus on driving example when suddenly something happened, we have or tend to have slower braking time. Supporting details 1 To curb this from always happened, the government can also make some changes to the road rather than we use the law to reduce the number of driver that doing this crime.The government need to install Rumble Strips along road to get attention of the driver. Supporting details 2 Rumble strips can also be called as sleeper lines which are to alert the driver if they have drift from their lane on the road. Besides it is an economical and effective to the driver. Picture shown that the rumble strips in Hennikar, New Hampshire, US. (picture is shown) Transition to decisiveness Be sure to keep this in mind that with using cell phone while driving will cause you to be in more high risk state. Conclusion Summary of main pointIn conclusion, I am em phasise that using cell phone while driving will cause you more impact because your mind cannot focus on driving, and it will distracting you as a driver and we need to follow the law from government or else we might get into trouble.

Advantages of Traditional Budgeting Systems

Advantages of Traditional Budgeting SystemsTraditional budgeting is one the first budgeting frames created. Traditional budgeting system is still commonly engagementd in many organizations today. The reasons why organizations still using traditional budget, this is due to framework of control. The role of the budget is to give focus on to an organization, and help the coordination of activities and enable control. Large companies might struggle to plan, coordinate and control their dealings without a budgetary system. Even small(a)er companies can benefit from the budgetary system to ensure the direction of the business, and how it can reach its goals.Second reason is its organizational culture for the fundamental method of operating, it may non be assertable for the organization to move away. Moreover, by their nature, budgets are a centrally coordinated activity within a business, and often the only one which brings together all aspects of the company. Budgets are often the on e exploit which covers all areas of organisational activity (Otley, 1999).Third reason of an organization still using traditional budgeting system is the need to modify this is recognized that banks institutions and other financial institutions are more suitable candidates for decentralisation than other types of businesses. For an example, Norman Macintosh observed that branch managers at Transamerica Finance deal had a great deal of freedom to run their operations according to standard operating procedures. Similarly, another example is Svenska Handelsbanken, the largest bank in Sweden sets parameters for branch managers diplomacy and then motivates its staff using competitive devices such as branch league tables (Alexa Michael and Technical Information Service, 2007). This approach can be successful in organizations where people work in similar but in independent units. However, it does not follow that this level of decentralization can be adopted by all organizations. Every organization is unique and it may be impossible to change the company culture to provide the necessary decentralisation. Successful decentralisation in any case depends on a great deal of trust being invested in teams throughout the organisation. collect to sparing dubiety, traditional budgeting has its limit. The disadvantage of traditional budgeting is it has insufficient outdoor(a) focus. Traditional budgeting is seldom focusing on strategy and is often conflicting. Besides that, it is time consuming and costly to put together, and also limit responsiveness and flexibility, whereby this is not good for economic uncertainty situation. This is because it often discourages change and only adds little value, budget tend to be bureaucratic and discourage creative thinking and requires in like manner much valuable management time. Traditional budgeting system has an adverse impact on management behaviour, which can become dysfunctional with regard to the objectives of the organisat ion as a whole. Johnson (2005) explains that most budgets are not based on a rational, causal model of resource consumption, but are often the result of lengthened internal bargaining processes. Conformance to budget is not seen as compatible with a drive towards continuous improvement.Under economic uncertainty, inflexibility is somehow seen as the key failing factor of traditional budgeting, and organizations are being urged to move towards continuous budgeting systems to enable speedy and coordinated adaptations to actual and anticipated changes in the economic (Neely et al, 1997). Continuous budgeting system gives companies the agility and capability to follow changes in market situations, and to cope with economic uncertainty while keeping an eye on strategical objectives (Lorain, 2010).Continuous budgeting system solves problems associated with infrequent budgeting and hence results in more accurate forecast. It is also more responsive to changing circumstances under economic uncertainty. more or less companies use a continuous budget which means that a ongoing 12 months budget is presented by consecutively adding a new budget as each current month expire, such a process allow management to work at anytime, within the present 1 month grammatical constituent of a full 12 month annual budget. Continuous budgeting system hand the planning process less irregular, rather than having managers go into the budget acquiring period at a specific time, managers are continuously involved in planning and budgeting process. The advantages of a continuous budget under economic uncertainty situation include, eliminating a fiscal year mind set by recognizing that business is an ongoing operation and should be managed accordingly. It also allows management to make disciplinary steps as forecast business condition change such as in economic uncertainty. It helps to reduce or eliminating the budget planning process that occurs at the end of each fiscal year.Another rec ent survey jointly conducted by the American Productivity Quality Centres and IBM Global Business go has found that companies focusing on planning, budgeting and forecasting as a business strategy are higher performers in all area than those focusing on cost accounting, control and cost management. The study also showed that high performing organizations tend to complete their budgeting cycle in 30 long time compared to 90 days in low performing organizations and most of the high performers used continuous budgeting system when the economic in uncertain (Kinney and Raiborn, 2008).Another example in the condition author has mention how Kenyan business sail through under economic uncertainty. Kenyan have experience challenging times with business attempt to plan and price their product carefully so as not to erode the profit margins that they had planned for. Having exchange rate problems. Smart cfos employ a budgeting, principally a set of procedures used to develop budget. Autho r mention that Kenyan organization have limited resources and and they need to effectively plan and use them. This is why they implement budgets to help provides a means to achieve this. Budgets provide a useful benchmark of performance and help control profit and operations when compared to actual performance. The resulting variance guide management in appreciating what they need to do in the subsequent period. Employee performance and managerial performance is usually measured on qualitative terms, but budget gives a new meaning to evaluate performance through numbers and helps in rewarding high performers and correcting the low performers. Due to the economic downturn, a number of well run companies have adapted to their specific circumstances and prepare master budget that comprises of performance financial statement, a capital budget, and a financial budget. However, some organizations have adapted to the concept of continuous budgets. With the fluctuation of the dollar, busine ss are emploting a variety of techniques of budgeting to ensure that they make profits.

Mechanisms of Adsorption of Aormatic Nitrogen Compounds

Mechanisms of Adsorption of Aormatic Nitrogen CompoundsMECHANISMS OF ADSORPTION OF AORMATIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS AND AROMATIC COMPOUNDS ON METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS (MOFs)byJUN DAIMetal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) constitute a assort of novel porous materials which have attracted significant take due to their application in separation, storage, catalyst and sensing. Large surface argona and porous cavity draw in MOFs excellent absorbents with huge uptake capacity. In this paper, we studied surface assimilation appliances of surface assimilation of indole and naphthalene on Basolite F300, Basolite A100 and MIL-100 (Fe) by two complementary spectroscopical methods. Fluorescence spectroscopy and near-UV/Visible administer reflectance spectroscopy study demonstrate that naphthalene is quantum confined within the mesoporous cavity in F300. On the other hand, indole is weakly electronically bound to Fe (III) CUS in F300 and gradations adsorption complex with F300. Direct spectroscopic proof of adsorption complex is provided by near-UV/Visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. Quenching of ligand- base fluorescence of A100 by indole is suggested and we propose adsorption of indole and naphthalene onto A100 via - interaction, spectroscopic proof is provided by fluorescence spectroscopy. knock back of ContentsTitleAbstractAcknowledgements and Dedicationmesa of Contents1 Introduction1.1 Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs)1.2 Clean fogey Fuels1.3 Nitrogen redolent Compounds in fossil fuels1.4 Aromatic Compounds in fossil Fuels1.5 Methods of De nitrogenation1.5.1 Microbial Denitrogenation1.5.2 Hydrodenigrogenation (HDN)1.5.3 Adsorptive Denitrogenation (ADN)1.6 Activation of Open Metal Sites of Metal-Organic Frameworks1.7 Adsorption of Aromatic Compounds and Aromatic N-heterocyclic Compounds on mesoporous MOFs with CUS MIL-100 (Fe) and F3001.8 Adsorption of Aromatic Compounds and Aromatic N-heterocyclic compounds on microporous MOFs without CUS MIL-53 and A100 1.9 Research Objective2 Experimental2.1 Metal Organic Frameworks2.2 Solvents, Aromatic compounds and N-containing compounds2.3 Activation and Hydration of Metal- native frameworks2.4 Fluorescence Spectroscopy2.5 snuggle UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (near UV-Vis DRS)2.6 Model Fuels2.7 Solid Mixture of Aromatic and Aromatic N-hetrocyclic compounds with MOFs2.8 Stoichiometric adsorption complex of F300 and naphthalene in eicosane matrix2.9 Kinetic adsorption of liquid indole on Basolite F300 (FeBTC) in liquid human body2.10 Stoichiometric adsorption complexes of indole/naphthalene with MOFs2.11 UV radiation3 Results3.1 Spectroscopic Studies of adsorption of naphthalene and indole on mesoporous F300 and MIL-100 (Fe) with CUS3.1.1 Solid Mixtures of MOFs and constituent(a) smelling(p) compounds3.1.2 Fluorescence spectrum of pure naphthaleneList of FiguresFigure 1 numbering of MIL-100 (Fe) (see as S1 in supplementary)Figure 2 Structure of MIL-53 (Al) (see as S2 in suppleme ntary)Figure 3 Common nitrogen compounds existing in fossil fuelsFigure 4 Pathways for the transformation of quinolineFigure 5 Fluorescence spectrum of (A) 0.08 M liquid solution of naphthalene (NAP) in n-heptane, exc = 280 nm, bandwidth Exc. catch 5 nm/Emi. Slit 5nm. (B) 0.08 M liquid solution of NAP in n-heptane with multi-Gaussian curve fittingFigure 6 Fluorescence spectrum of (A) pure naphthalene (NAP) exc = 280 nm, bandwidth Exc. Slit 5 nm/Emi. Slit 5nm (B) pure NAP with multi-Gaussian curve fittingList of TablesTable 1 MOFs employ in this research and structure informationTable 2 Physical property of common nitrogen redolent(p) compounds existing in fossil fuels1 Introduction1.1 Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs)Porous materials atomic number 18 well studied and widely used in science and engineering industry. Recently, a novel kind of porous material Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) has emerged as potential competitor. MOFs ar crystalline hybrid inorganic-organic porous sol id formed by chemical admixture-linker bounding1. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) constitute a section of novel porous materials which have attracted significant interest due to their application in separation, storage, catalyst and sensing. The use of MOF as stationary phase in racy resolution GC separation of aromatic hydrocarbons has in any case gained significant attention2. In comparison with adsorption on the MOFs in gas phase which has been well studied and understood, adsorption on the MOFs in liquid phase is much less known. MOFs have extremely large surface argona and porous cavity, which make them excellent adsorbents with huge uptake capacity. As a class of coordination compound repeated by metal or metal clusters as SBUs (second building units) and organic linkers, the cavity ranged between that of Zeolite and mesoporous silica3. Regarding the structures, variety of MOFs can display either 2 proportionalityal or 3 dimensional structures depend on different organi c linkers. It is also indicated by J. R. Karra and K. S. Walton that the relation between pore sizing and invitee molecule size plays an essential role in the adsorption4. The MOFs organism investigated in this research be mesoporous and microporous MOFs. For mesoporous MOFs the pore size can vary from 2 nm to 50 nm, while for microporous MOFs the pore size is less than 2nm. Pore size can be a key in adsorption on MOFs due to micropore filling mechanism2, which suggests adsorption capacity depends on molecular cross-sectional area rather than minimum diameter. MOFs are structurally fixed under close environment. It is reported by many authors that MOFs remain electrostatic under increased temperature and under oxygen. In this research, our investigation mostly focuses on several common MOFS, and their commercial message names are Basolite C300, Basolite F300, Basolite A100 and MIL-100 (Fe) (MIL=Materials of Institute Lavoisier). All Basolite C300, Basolite F300 and Basolite A1 00 are bought commercially, and MIL-100 (Fe) is made with the collaboration of Dr. Jing Li from Rutgers New Brunswick. Table 1 shows the basic physical information of the MOFs used in this research.Table 1 MOFs used in this research and structure informationMOFs/formulaSurface area/m2g-1Pore dimension/Pore dimensionRef.BETBasolite F3001300160021.73DSigma-Aldrich,5Basolite A100110015007.37.71DSigma-Aldrich,MIL-100 (Fe)220025, 293D5MIL-100 familyMIL-100(M) (M=Cr, Fe, Al) refers to a family of mesoporous Metal-Organic Frameworks built up from metal clusters and benzene-1, 3, 5-tricarboxylic (BTC) linkers. These MOFs possess large surface area and have indistinct attracted tremendous attention for applications in adsorption and separation due to the coordinated unsaturated sites (CUS) which can provide chance for Lewis acid-base interaction between guest molecules and metal ions or metal clusters. In Metal-organic frameworks, metal sites (SBUs) are coordinated with organic linkers. O pen metal sites (CUS) may be available on these SBUs. CUS are truly important in gas storage, separation, sensing, catalysts, and even biological systems6. Considerable totality of research on the adsorption of small molecules have been d whiz recently. Evidence has shown make metal sites have essential influence on adsorption property in MOFs. It is reported that open Cu2+ metal sites in HKUST-1 contribute significantly to the high acetylene storage capacity7. Moreover, MOFs with CUS such as HKUST-1 are used in chromatography separation due to its specific feature to distinguish strongly and weakly electron donating analytes8. In additional, MIL-100 (Fe3+, Cr3+, Al3+) has been shown to have strong preference to adsorb N-heterocyclic compounds (Lewis base) in mixtures910. Hence, open metal sites can be potential Lewis acid sites, the possible interactions between guest molecules and open metal sites leave be examined and discussed in this paper.In our research, MIL-100 (Fe) will be used to investigate the adsorption mechanisms between guest molecules such as indole or naphthalene and sorbent MOFs. Besides MIL-100, there is a commercially made MOF named Basolite F300, which has a similar chemical composition. Both Basolite F300 and MIL-100 (Fe) are built up by Iron and BTC linkers. However, due to the poor crystallinity, the actual structure of F300 is still not known at this time. Difference in iron substance and carbon content in F300 and MIL-100 (Fe) is shown by D. Amarajothi and his co-workers5. The iron mass content in F300 and MIL-100 (Fe) are respectively 25% and 21%. The carbon mass content in F300 and MIL-100 (Fe) are respectively 32% and 29%. Pore dimension in F300 and MIL-100 (Fe) are respectively 21.7 and 25/29 . Structure of MIL-100 (Fe) is shown belowFigure 1 Structure of MIL-100 (Fe) (see as S1 in supplementary)MIL-53 familyThere are many types of MOFs that undergo hydrolysis, while there are other MOFs that remain stable within water. Wat er stable MOFs start to showing potential applications in drug delivery and imaging11. Many MOFs containing Al as metal sites and amino acids as organic linkers are stable in aqueous solution, and it is also possible to synthesize them in aqueous environment12. MIL-53(M) (M= metal as Al13, Cr14, Fe15, In16, Sc17) is a common family of microporous MOFs and has excellent water stability.Figure 2 Structure of MIL-53 (Al) (see as S2 in supplementary)The one dimensional pore structure of MIL-53(Al) is built by chains of corner-sharing octahedra atomic number 13 clusters AlO4(OH)2 and anion form of benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (BDC) as organic linkers connecting infinite numbers of metal clusters. MIL-53 (Al) has rhombic channels which have dimension of 7.3 x 7.7 . A huge Langmuir surface area of 1600 m2/g makes MIL-53 (Al) an efficient adsorbent. MIL-53 (Al) has iniquitous thermal stability up to 773 K. It is believed that the structure of MIL-53 (Al) undergoes a reversible structural change during process of adsorbing/desorbing water molecules, and is described as existing13. The so-called breathing process interchanges between large-pore (lp) form (Al(OH)O2C-C6H4-carbonic acid gas) and narrow-pore (np) form (Al(OH)O2C-C6H4-CO2H2O) 13. The lp form has a dimension of 8.5 x 8.5 and is obtained when oxygenized upon high temperature and under high vacuum, which takes away excess uninvolved BDC acids, oxygen and water trapped in the cavity during synthesis. The lp form is sure-footed of adsorbing water molecules in vapor at room temperature, as a result, the MIL-53 (Al) shifts to its np form. As shown in the formula, the np form contains one trapped water molecule every unit or cavity. Hydrogen bonds are found to form between carboxylic groups on the linkers and adsorbed water molecules. Due to this breathing feature, applications on selective adsorption of various compounds in gas phase have already gained interest and being reported14. The np form of hydrated MIL-53 (Cr) is able to selectively adsorb CO2 in mien of CH4 in gas phase. Upon adsorption of CO2 but not CH4, MIL-53 (Cr) returns to its lp form with an increased cavity volume of 1522.5 3 from np volume of 1012.8 3.In our research, we used Basolite A100 MOF from the BASF, which is commercially available and is equivalent to MIL-53 (Al). Similarly, A100 is build up with AlO4(OH)2 octahedral clusters connecting by BDC linkers, and gives a surface area of 1084 m2/g and pore volume of 0.51 cm3/g as determined by N2 physical-adsorption at 77 K. Additionally, XRD cast of A100 is proved to resemble that of MIL-53 (Al)18. G. Blanco-Brieva and his co-workers have studied adsorptive removal of aromatic sulfur compounds from model liquid fuels on thermally activated A10019.1.2 Clean Fossil FuelsCombustion of sulfur and nitrogen containing compounds in fossil fuels will bring adverse effect to public health, environment and economy. It is widely recognized that nitrogen compounds are norma lly carcinogenic and mutagenic. Separation of heterocyclic compounds from petro-chemical feedstock has become an urgent application leading to clean liquid fossil fuels. Fossil fuel is a main(a) source of energy on the earth, the intensive use of fossil fuels has raised environmental concerns. Beginning in 2006, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began an ambitious syllabus aiming to reduce the sulfur content of diesel fuels. As of July 11, 2010, the EPA required that the denseness of sulfur content in diesel fuels not exceed 15 ppm20. For certain(a) ultra-clean gasoline, diesel fuels and jet fuels, sulfur level needs to be lower than 1 ppm21. Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of diesel fuel has become an essential research interest, while the presence of nitrogen compounds in middle-distillate inunct inhibits the ultra-deep hydrodesulfurization22232425. In HDS, sulfur compounds are atomic number 1ated to hydrocarbons and H2S over catalyst such as Zeolites9. However, the nitro gen aromatic compounds in crude oil are found to compete for the active sites on these catalysts to inhibit a deep HDS26,27. This gives rise to the necessity for denitrogenation in fossil fuels.Moreover, the combustion of nitrogen compounds in petroleum leads to the formation of dark oxides, which is a group of highly reactive and persistent species and contributes locately to acid rain and greenhouse effect. The life time of NOx oxides in atmosphere is 120 years before being removed or destroyed through chemical reactions. The impact of 1 pound of NOx on warming the atmosphere is over 300 times that of 1 pound of carbon dioxide. EPA first set standards for NO2 in 1971, setting both(prenominal) a primary standard (to protect health) and a secondary standard (to protect the public welfare) at 0.053 parts per million (53 ppb), averaged annually28. Also the presence of nitrogen aromatic compounds in fossil fuels can lead to poisoning of refining catalyst, which will eventually cause a decrease in yield. Thus, denitrogenation is necessary for deep desulfurization and has drawn significant interest around the world due to the increasingly rigid regulations and fuel specifications in many countries.1.3 Nitrogen Aromatic Compounds in Fossil fuelsFossil fuels are naturally-formed fuel that contains significant level of heterocyclic aromatic contaminants. There are some representative sulfur aromatic compounds such as benzothiophene (BT) and dibenzothiophene (DBT), representative nitrogen aromatic compounds such as indole and quinoline. Nitrogen aromatic compounds content in crude oil averages around 0.3%. Although the concentration of nitrogen compounds in crude oil is relatively low, the concentration turns out to be higher throughout the petroleum distillation process. Common nitrogen aromatic compounds in fossil fuels are shown in Figure 1.129 and physical properties of nitrogen aromatic compounds investigated in this research is shown in Table 2.Nitrogen aromat ic compounds in fossil fuels pin tumbler into two classes. One is non-basic nitrogen compounds including indole and pyrrole due to the fact that the extra pair of electrons on N is contributed to the electron cloud and is not available for interaction with acids. succession the other class is basic nitrogen compounds such as pyridine, quinoline and their derivatives, in which the lone pair of electrons on N is available as an electron donor.Indole is one of the most common nitrogen compounds in fossil fuels, and it has been broadly studied. And we choose indole in our research due to the fact that indole is a weakly basic N-containing compound, which substance it has a potential of selective adsorption against aromatic compounds and desorption is possible and reasonably convenient.Figure 3 Common nitrogen compounds existing in fossil fuelsTable 2 Physical property of common nitrogen aromatic compounds existing in fossil fuelsCompoundsFormulaMelting Point, CDensity, g/cm3Dipole m oment, DAcidity,pKaMaximum diameter, AIndoleC8H7N52541.172.1116.26.9QuinolineC9H7N-151.09304.857.2IsoquinolineC9H7N26281.09905.147.21.4 Aromatic Compounds in Fossil FuelsFossil fuels contain significant amount of hydrocarbons, most of them are aromatic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this research we choose naphthalene as representative aromatic compounds, and in order to investigate the adsorption mechanism we use fluorescence spectroscopy and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to investigate electronic interactions upon adsorption onto MOFs. Naphthalene is the most simple and common aromatic compounds in PAHs. And naphthalene is commonly produced in petroleum refining and is then separated from the petroleum. Purification and separation of these aromatic rings is of interest in chemical industry. Naphthalene has a molecular length of 7.2 (largest diameter determined by ChemDraw 3D) and is non-polar.1.5 Methods of DenitrogenationMicrobial Denitrogena tionMicrobial process is an alternative pathway for denitrogenation. Microorganisms are known to consume natural organic compounds and convert them into carbons and energy, and they are capable of metabolizing certain molecules including nitrogen compounds from fossil fuels. The abjection of quinoline is well-characterized, and the transformation pathways are elucidated by M. Benedik et al29 (shown in Figure 1. 5). The degradation of isoquinoline is less understood but 1-oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinoline is suggested as initial oxygenated product30. According to the finding of Claus, G, indole is readily degraded via catechol or transformed directly into tryptophan30, while carbazole is relatively more difficult to be degraded. One possible degradation pathway31 beginning with angular dioxygenation has been proposed by Ouchiyama, N., which finally enters TCA cycle after conversion to catechol or tryptophan32. Mechanisms for the degradation of other nitrogen compounds such as pyridine, qu inoline, acridine and their derivatives are reviewed in detail by J. Kaiser33. Recent research in microbial denitrogenation has revealed a promising future for application in selective removal of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing petroleum. However, as a major mechanism for the removal and metabolism of organic compounds from the environment, its characterization of the enzymes involving in the pathways is still under research29. And it has not been widely applied to the industry yet.Figure 4 Pathways for the transformation of quinolineHydrodenigrogenation (HDN)Hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) is usually used to remove nitrogen compounds in fossil fuels during the refinery process, and Co-Mo catalyst is normally involved in the process. However, the HDS process is accomplished by reacting with hydrogen at high temperature and high pressure. It is energy-intensive, hazardous and costly. Thus, significant amount of researches have been done on HDN in order to reach a goal of being economic an d environmentally friendly.Adsorptive Denitrogenation (ADN)Another promising way to selectively remove the nitrogen compounds in fossil fuels is adsorption on a porous material, Activated carbon34353637, Zeolites38, HCL-loaded silica-aluminas39, ion-exchange resins40, meso-silicas41,42, Ti-HMSs43, microporous carbon44, activated aluminas45, Ni-based adsorbents45, and NiMOs46 have been used for ADN. While recently the use of MOF adsorbents has gained significant interest in adsorption and separation of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds in liquid phase due to its high capacity, high selectivity, economic importance and most importantly energy saving 47. Moreover, MOFs can even be recycled and effectively reduce the cost. Adsorptive separation via adsorptive denitrogenation (AND) is preferred over industrial catalytic HDN10. Specifically, selective adsorption of N-heterocyclic compounds48 in presence of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons in liquid phase49 is of interest, which is i nvestigated in this research.1.6 Activation of Open Metal Sites of Metal-Organic FrameworksAvailable CUS in MOFs is essential for the adsorption of Lewis basic compounds. Thus, to fully utilize the open metal sites in MOFs, activation is needed to evacuate the water molecules which are relatively weakly coordinated on these metals. Because MOFs are strongly adsorptive molecules, humidity can be crucial to the availability of open metal sites in MOFs. Specific treatment is necessary at certain temperature under vacuum in order to activate open metal sites. And protection of the sample against humidity is critical during experiments. Interestingly, it is discovered by K. Schlichte and his colleagues that upon activation the color of HKUST-1 would change from light cyan to dark navy50. This is affirm by E. Borfecchia and his working group using UV-Vis, a red shift at LMCT edge and appearance of a shoulder in d-d band at around 600 nm in UV-Vis spectrum is observed and explained by the removal of water51.In addition to the activation of MOFs, partial reduction of MIL-100 (Fe) has been reported by H. Leclerc and his group52. Certain metal sites in MOF can be reduced, for example, Fe3+ in MIL-100 (Fe) can be reduced to Fe2+. According to their analysis of oxidation states via IR, outgassing at 423 K for 12 hour will give rise to a greater proportion of Fe2+ sites while minority of Fe3+ sites is reduced. However, outgassing at 523 K will result in that most Fe3+ sites are reduced. Fe3+ sites are more Lewis acidic sites than Fe2+, it is easier for Fe3+ to form coordination bond with nitrogen aromatics, which are good Lewis base.1.7 Adsorption of Aromatic Compounds and Aromatic N-heterocyclic Compounds on mesoporous MOFs with CUS MIL-100 (Fe) and F300Although adsorption of small organic molecules on MOFs both in liquid phase and in vapor, such as toluene, benzene, xylene isomers2, etc., has been well studied in the recent years, to our knowledge the adsorption of fuse -ring aromatic hydrocarbons on MIL-100 in liquid phase has not been reported. M. Maes and his co-workers have reported adsorption of indole from heptane/toluene mixture solution on MIL-100 family9. Thus, mechanism of adsorption of aromatic compounds versus aromatic N-heterocyclic compounds on F300 has not been studied. According to many studies, the formation of complexes in liquid adsorption is usually assumed, but there is a lack of direct spectroscopic evidence. Adsorption of small aromatic ring compounds (benzene and p-xylene molecules) on MIL-101 has been published by K. Yang, et al2. Pore-size filling mechanism is discovered and discussed in this paper, indicating that pore-size and different substrate relates with molecular selectivity of organic compounds. However, the mechanism is still not understood.Fluorescence spectroscopy is a straightforward method for studying the adsorption mechanism between guest molecules and MOFs. Yet there are rarely papers studying characteriza tion of adsorption of aromatic compounds in liquid or solid system by fluorescence spectroscopy. It is assumed based on fluorescence spectra that Lewis acid-base interaction promotes the adsorption of pyrene on Al2O3 from model fuel using octane as solvent53. While the fluorescence spectra was collected using a model sorbent aluminum chloride in methanol instead of actual Al2O3 in model fuel, spectroscopic characterization of adsorption complexes formed by MOFs and aromatic compounds or aromatic N-heterocyclic compounds by the fluorescence spectroscopy is still unknown to our knowledge.Another useful characterization method is near-UV/visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), which is excellent at detecting the novelty or shift in electronic states on adsorption complexes forming by metal sites and guest molecules. The DRS was used to identify the interactions between aromatic amines and MOFs54 but it has not been used to explore the interactions between metal sites of MOFs a nd guest molecules as aromatic compounds or aromatic N-heterocyclic compounds.Thus, we aim to investigate the adsorption of large aromatic compounds on MOFs using two spectroscopic methods as fluorescence spectroscopy and near-UV/visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.1.8 Adsorption of Aromatic Compounds and Aromatic N-heterocyclic compounds on microporous MOFs without CUS MIL-53 and A100M. Maes and his colleagues have studied the adsorption of indole and methyl-substituted indole present in model fuel (heptane/toluene at either 80 vol. %/20 vol. % or 20 vol. %/80 vol. % combination) at initial concentration of 0.15 M on thermally activated MIL-53 (Al)9. The amount of absorbed indole intensively dropped in model fuel with toluene, which indicates a possible competitive adsorption. While no data of adsorption capacity for indole and substituted indole on MIL-53 (Al) in n-alkane solvent was reported, not enough data-based evidence or computational evidence can be used to prove the m echanism of competitive adsorption. Similarly, adsorption of indole, pyridine, pyrrole and quinolone on thermally activated MIL-53 (Al) has been studied in another paper. In this paper n-octane was used as solvent, however, no data for adsorption capacity of indole on MIL-53 (Al) has been reported55. - interactions is suggested to be the major force that introduce the adsorption of indole or quinolone onto activated MIL-53 (Al), but no experimental evidence was given55. At the present time, no direct spectroscopic characterization of chemical bonds between aromatic or hetero-aromatic adsorbate and MIL-53 has yet been reported. Furthermore, adsorption of naphthalene on MOFs has not been reported to our knowledge.To investigate the adsorption mechanisms through fluorescence spectroscopy, it is essential to know the origin of the fluorescence from MOF itselft. It was discussed in a review paper by M. Allendorf, C. Bauer, R. Bhakta et al.56, that there are five modes for generating fluo rescence in MOFs linker-based, framework metal ions (charge transfer between linker and metal), adsorb